In 5e, a lot of these things are quite different from the 3.5e terminology you're using.
1) ... Fighter or Barbarian
2) ... Wizard
3) ... Rogue 1 / Cleric 2 / Lore Bard 17 , or Rogue 6 / Lore Bard 14
4) ... Ranger , Fighter Eldritch Knight , Rogue Arcane Trickster , Warlock with Pact Weapon , Valor Bard
5) ... Moon Druid, maybe dip Monk 1 at 3rd level, see Caelic's build down the 5e page
6) ... try Paladin, you don't have to be only LG-Tightwad anymore, lots of bad guys need to be punished
7) ... Fighter 2 / Rogue Assassin 3 / needs a build guide back at wotc
Why? The hivemind is larger back at wotc, and they're working out most of the early lines. That's not to say the ideas of the first 6 months will hold up over time.
If you want to keep things a little simplified, don't take any feats except for Resilient on the 2 of Wis, Dex, or Con saves, that you don't have. 16 in your main stat, raised to 18 and 20 with your first 2 feat slots.