I believe most spells with a duration of "until _____" usually also have some other time limit as well, such as "10 minutes/level, or until discharged". In those cases, I would rule that Persist would overwrite the time limit part, but not the "until" part. So you could cast Persistant Stoneskin in the morning and have it last for 24 hours, or until it absorbs 150 damage, whichever comes first.