Immovable rods don't speak on the subject of dividing a teleporting character's momentum into 2 components arbitrarily, and then modifying one so that it is perfectly safe and modifying the other to maintain its lethality.
If you're referring to the difference between absolute and relative momentum, nothing does. Everything uses relative momentum, and you just have to figure out how it best applies.
There's a difference between relative momentum, and magically translating relative momentum when subject to a teleport spell.
I don't think you understand what relative momentum is. If you are moving forward at 60kph, then if you teleport while maintaining relative momentum, you will be moving forward at 60kph in your new location. You are maintaining the same momentum relative to your surroundings.
Saying that momentum is relative is pointless, it's a truth that is based on the fact that an person can't instantaneously teleport. Obviously the rules as intended is that you're safe from changes to your relative momentum when porting.
What? It all comes down to what you are comparing your momentum to. You could compare it to the local area where you appear, to your location relative to the sun, to the solar system, the galaxy... but I think we can all agree that it should be relative to the local area.
If you say that the rules don't say you stop falling when you port so you should keep falling, that's a perfectly reasonable statement. If you say that teleporting normalizes your momentum relative to the world when you port that's also a perfectly reasonable statement.
Normalizes? If you mean halts your relative momentum so you aren't moving at all when you appear, okay.
If you say that momentum is relative so you should maintain lethal falling momentum while simultaneously changing lethal frame of reference momentum to be safe, that's weird.
What is this, I don't even...