Really late answer, but what the heck. May as well note that multiclassing Rogue and Alchemist is typically really bad and frequently unnecessary, since an Alchemist with
Vivisectionist and
Trap Breaker archetypes pretty much does everything a Rogue does and then some. If we skip trapfinding, you can combine the
Vivisectionist and
Tinkerer archetypes just fine. And if you want all three, you can just spend a single feat on
Monitor Obedience (
Imot) to get trapfinding again.
And to answer your questions,
Sense Vitals works with manufactured weapon attacks and you can buff your familiar with it using the Share Spells feature of
familiars.
Valet familiars also share teamwork feats, so it is possible to use
Precise Strike (which can also be granted to your familiar with
Shared Training,
Coordinated Effort,
Ring of Tactical Precision,
Sisterhood Style, and other options). You can also use
Night Stalker's Tonic (200gp alchemical consumable) which inflicts 1
alchemical burn (which is very little for a familiar, with its low character level) to raise sneak attack damage by 1d6 for 1 hour (EDIT: It seems that this item wants you to accept alchemical burn for every round you add 1d6 sneak attack damage, which is frankly horrible.).
I'm not really aware of other options to obtain sneak attack with familiars or splash weapons, no.
Also, for ranged sneak attacks,
Sniper Goggles (or their
greater variant) are rather recommended.
Headband of Ninjitsu is also generally recommended.
Side question #1: For ranged sneak attacks, obtaining
Greater Invisibility, using
Shatter Defenses, or using a
Goz Mask with an
Eversmoking Bottle or Wand of
Obscuring Mist or using some manner of darkvision with
Darkness spells to obtain total concealment are all decent ways to get sneak attack with ranged attacks. Probably the
Bandit archetype would also do a bit better by letting you full attack with the ranged weapon during the surprise round (while enemies are still flatfooted), but you can also use the
Lookout teamwork feat for that. Grabbing 1 or more
Stag's Helms (esp. if you worship Erastil) so you can rotate between their uses is also a decent way to get ranged sneak attack on demand with bows.
Side question #2: Scout's Charge does not apply to your familiar, no.